MICROSTAT PLAYER CARDS

We are very fortunate to have had the chance to collaborate with hockey researcher Corey Sznajder of AllThreeZones on some visualizations showcasing his manually tracked data points. Corey has been a keystone member of the hockey analytics movement for years, giving the public access to the kinds of metrics that otherwise would be exclusively available to NHL teams and broadcasters. Since the 2016-17 season, he has developed a tracking system that includes everything from passes to zone entries to rush defence to puck retrievals and plenty in between, resulting in a rich and incredibly thorough database spanning nine seasons. His full data set and dashboards are available on www.allthreezones.com.

Our main collab with Corey has been on the Microstat Player Cards and Microstat Team Cards, available to subscribers in the $10 tier. The player cards show each player's projection for the coming season, built from his last three seasons, and his results in each season since 2021-22, including the TopDownHockey WAR metrics displayed. The microstats are taken from a representative sample of games tracked -- he can't track all of a team's games, but his research has shown that results level off after a sufficient sample is taken. With that in mind, a player only has a microstat card for a season if over 150 5v5 minutes have been tracked.

Here's a runthrough of the metrics displayed on those cards.

WAR Data

  • EV Offence: Projected Even Strength Offence WAR, meaning the wins a player provides to his team through his isolated impact on scoring chances (expected goals) for when he's on the ice at even strength.
  • EV Defence: Projected Even Strength Defence WAR, meaning the wins a player provides to his team through his isolated impact on scoring chances (expected goals) against when he's on the ice at even strength.
  • PP: Same as EV Offence but on the powerplay. If the player plays fewer than two minutes per game on the powerplay it is listed as NA.
  • PK: Same as EV Defence but on the penalty kill. If the player plays fewer than two minutes per game on the penalty kill it is listed as NA.
  • Finishing: The projected WAR a player provides by finishing his scoring chances, measured by goals scored above expected. This is a very important stat for forwards because it's the most direct ways they create goals and therefore wins for their team compared to a replacement-level player.
  • Penalties: The projected wins a player provides through his penalty differential on non-offsetting penalties. If you draw more penalties than you take, you're helping your team and rank more highly.

AllThreeZones Tracked Data - Forwards

All microstats on the card are at 5v5 and per 60 minutes

  • Goals: 5v5 goals per 60
  • xGoals: Expected goals, from a model that adds AllThreeZones context (rush, cycle, forecheck, and the passes before the shot) to the NHL’s shot data
  • Shots: Unblocked shot attempts
  • In-Zone Shots: Shot attempts taken on in-zone possession plays, either off cycles or forechecks (before 2020-21: all other attempts)
  • Rush Shots: Shot attempts taken off the rush, i.e. plays where a controlled entry has led directly and quickly to the attempt (before 2020-21, when rush plays were not tagged: attempts within 7 seconds of the team’s carry-in)
  • Shots off HD Passes: Shot attempts off of high-danger passes, i.e. passes to the slot from behind the net or across the slot
  • Primary Assists: 5v5 first assists per 60
  • xAssists: Expected goals on shot attempts set up by the player’s primary pass
  • Primary Shot Assists: Passes leading directly to a shot attempt
  • In-Zone Shot Assists: Passes leading directly to shot attempts off in-zone possessions like cycles and forechecks (before 2020-21: all other attempts)
  • Rush Shot Assists: Passes leading directly to shot attempts off the rush (before 2020-21, when rush plays were not tagged: attempts within 7 seconds of the team’s carry-in)
  • High-Danger Passes: Passes to the slot from behind the net or across the slot
  • Zone Entries: Entries into the offensive zone, either by carrying or dumping the puck in
  • Entries w/ Possession: Entries into the offensive zone with possession, either by carrying the puck in or passing it across the blueline
  • Zone Exits: Exits out of the defensive zone, either by carrying, passing, or clearing the puck out
  • Exits w/ Possession: Exits out of the defensive zone that maintain possession of the puck, i.e. either by carrying the puck across the blueline or passing it cleanly to a teammate
  • Skating Speed: A non-AllThreeZones stat, this is a metric based on the NHL’s own Edge Tracking Data. It’s a combination of top speed and the frequency of 20+ mile-per-hour bursts
  • Forecheck Involvement: Recoveries of his team’s dump-ins + forecheck pressures on opponents trying to exit the zone
  • Hits: Body checks
  • D-Zone Puck Touches: Loose puck recoveries in the defensive zone + exit attempts out of the defensive zone

AllThreeZones Tracked Data - Defencemen

All microstats on the card are at 5v5 and per 60 minutes

  • Goals: 5v5 goals per 60
  • xGoals: Expected goals, from a model that adds AllThreeZones context (rush, cycle, forecheck, and the passes before the shot) to the NHL’s shot data
  • Shots: Unblocked shot attempts
  • Primary Assists: 5v5 first assists per 60
  • xAssists: Expected goals on shot attempts set up by the player’s primary pass
  • Primary Shot Assists: Passes leading directly to a shot attempt
  • Zone Entries: Entries into the offensive zone, either by carrying or dumping the puck in
  • Entries w/ Possession: Entries into the offensive zone with possession, either by carrying the puck in or passing it across the blueline
  • Zone Exits: Exits out of the defensive zone, either by carrying, passing, or clearing the puck out
  • Exits w/ Possession: Exits out of the defensive zone that maintain possession of the puck, i.e. either by carrying the puck across the blueline or passing it cleanly to a teammate
  • Pass Exits: Exits out of the defensive zone by passing the puck cleanly to a teammate
  • Carry Exits: Exits out of the defensive zone by carrying the puck across the blueline
  • D-Zone Retrievals: Loose puck recoveries in the defensive zone
  • Successful Retrievals: Loose puck recoveries in the defensive zone that lead to a successful exit
  • Passes: Passes leading to a shot attempt, either as the primary, secondary, or tertiary pass
  • Puck Management: Expected goals against a defender saves per 100 plays with the puck on entries, exits, and recoveries, compared to the league rate for the same plays under the same pressure (before 2021-22, when recoveries were not tracked: entries and exits only)
  • Entry Denial %: The frequency with which attempts by opponents to gain the offensive zone against a defender are stopped at the blueline
  • Poss. Entry Denial %: How often a defender is preventing possession entries in transition, i.e. forcing his opponent to either give up the puck or dump it in
  • Hits: Body checks
  • Shot Blocking: Blocked shots as a share of the shot attempts against while he’s on the ice

Microstat Team Cards

All stats are at 5v5 and shown as rankings among that season's teams (30 in 2016-17, 31 from 2017-18 to 2020-21, 32 since). Offence ranks the team's own events per 60; Defence ranks its opponents' events in the same games, with 1st the fewest. Goals come from all games; every other stat comes from the games Corey tracked.

  • Goals: 5v5 goals per 60
  • Chances: Shot attempts judged to be legitimate scoring chances
  • Attempts: All shot attempts
  • One-Timers: Shot attempts taken as one-timers
  • Rush Shots: Shot attempts taken off the rush, i.e. plays where a controlled entry has led directly and quickly to the attempt (before 2020-21, when rush plays were not tagged: attempts within 7 seconds of the team’s carry-in)
  • In-Zone Shots: Shot attempts taken on in-zone possession plays, either off cycles or forechecks (before 2020-21: all other attempts)
  • Assisted Attempts: Shot attempts set up by a pass
  • Assisted Chances: Scoring chances set up by a pass
  • Cross-Slot Passes: Passes across the slot leading directly to a shot attempt
  • Behind-the-Net Passes: Passes from behind the net leading directly to a shot attempt
  • Centre Lane Passes: Passes from the middle lane of the offensive zone leading directly to a shot attempt
  • Low-High Passes: Passes up to the point leading directly to a shot attempt
  • Possession Entries: Entries into the offensive zone with possession, either by carrying the puck in or passing it across the blueline
  • Possession Entry %: The share of zone entries made with possession, as opposed to dump-ins or failed entries
  • OZ Recovery Success: The share of dump-ins recovered by the team that dumped the puck in
  • Possession Exits: Exits out of the defensive zone that maintain possession of the puck, i.e. either by carrying the puck across the blueline or passing it cleanly to a teammate
  • Possession Exit %: The share of exit attempts that maintain possession of the puck
  • DZ Retrieval Success: The share of loose puck recoveries in the defensive zone that lead to a successful exit
  • Goals For %: The team’s share of the 5v5 goals in its games
  • Chances For %: The team’s share of the scoring chances in its games
  • Rush Shots For %: The team’s share of the rush shot attempts in its games
  • In-Zone Shots For %: The team’s share of the in-zone shot attempts in its games

Seasons and Tracking Changes

The cards go back to 2016-17. Corey's tracking grew over the years, so a stat shows NA in a season he did not track it.

  • Retrievals: tracked from 2021-22. D-Zone Retrievals, Successful Retrievals, D-Zone Puck Touches and DZ Retrieval Success start then. Before 2021-22, Puck Management uses entries and exits only.
  • Rush, cycle and forecheck: tagged from 2020-21. Before that, a rush shot is a shot attempt within 7 seconds of the team's carry-in, and every other attempt is in-zone.
  • 2020-21 exits: tracked in 171 of the season's 443 tracked games, so some players have too few exit minutes for the exit stats.
  • Skating Speed: from NHL EDGE, which starts in 2021-22.

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